Showing posts with label mathematics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mathematics. Show all posts

Mathematical Mind-Benders Review

Mathematical Mind-Benders
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Mathematical Mindbenders does have a lot of math puzzles... and a lot of hard ones, which I do appreciate.However, there are enough puzzles that are riddles or trivia... and too many that are full of tricks.I thought I would give Peter Winkler a try, but I definitely prefer Martin Gardner's work.If you're looking for a good math puzzle book, try anything of Gardner's before you buy this book.

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Product Description:
Peter Winkler is at it again. Following the enthusiastic reaction to Mathematical Puzzles: A Connoisseur s Collection, Peter has compiled a new collection of elegant mathematical puzzles to challenge and entertain the reader. The original puzzle connoisseur shares these puzzles, old and new, so that you can add them to your own anthology.This book is for lovers of mathematics, lovers of puzzles, lovers of a challenge. Most of all, it is for those who think that the world of mathematics is orderly, logical, and intuitive-and are ready to learn otherwise!

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Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds (Complex Adaptive Systems) Review

Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds
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I picked up this book while browsing the Computer Science section. The first line on the back cover drew me in: "How does a bird flock keep its movements so graceful and synchronized?" Unfortunately, this question (and others similar) was never really answered in the book. Rather than an intellectual or philosophical discussion of how organized behaviors develop from non-centrally-controlled systems in real life, the book seems to focus on why it happens in simplified computer simulations. The book is really about looking at organized behaviors from a decentralized perspective - using computer simulations to aid in this perspective. (Termite mounds, for example, aren't created by a "seed or lead" termite, they're in fact created by the behaviors common to individual termites, and the interaction of those termites with the environment, as is demonstrated in a simplified computer simulation.)
The book focuses a great deal on workings of the StarLogo programming language, which is not included but is downloadable (more on this later). The programming language allows users to simulate massively parallel systems. The book includes many code samples, programming notes and descriptions of how the simulations progress at run time. Discussions of resulting organized behaviors lie almost completely within the scope of the software simulations, but are very interesting nonetheless (although it will likely leave you wanting more). After only the first simulation (regarding slime mold), I found myself at the computer to download the software. Which brings me to my next point...
You won't find the software at the location specified by the book. It appears that the original StarLogo language was written for the Mac, and was renamed MacStarLogo. (Substitute "macstarlogo" for "~starlogo" in the URL to find the software.) When you get to the Download page, you'll be able to download the software for PC and UNIX as well as for Mac. The PC version (and version 1.1 for Mac, I assume) seems to use a newer or upgraded set of commands, so you'll have some difficulty getting the code in the book to run. The new Java-based interface, though, is very cool - it allows you to place buttons, sliders and other tools to control the simulation and dynamically interact with the program in real time. Excellent for exploring these microworlds!!!
The book also discusses a lot about the author's interactions with children while developing StarLogo programs. I found these discussions very interesting, but they seemed to focus on how we like to perceive organized behaviors as centrally controlled (versus individually controlled). As a result, much of the book was about why a non-centralized perspective is important rather than how organization is actually formed from non-centralized communities.
Overall it is a very interesting and well-organized book. Only three stars because (1) it wasn't what I expected - perhaps the subtitle would have been more descriptive as "analyzing simple computer simulations where organized behavior results from systems with no centralized control," but I guess that would have been too wordy. And, (2) the software was not easy to find, and it was not fully compatible with the code in the book. (A version of the software compatible with the code in the book shoud be made available - even if it's since been upgraded.) And finally, (3) the book seems to be rushed toward the end. (The last chapter, for example, where the author "looks ahead" is only two pages long.)
Overall, it's a great book, and it inspires a lot of thinking, but it left me wanting a bit more...

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"Mitchel Resnick's book is one of the very few in the field of computingwith an interdisciplinary discourse that can reach beyond the technicalcommunity to philsoophers, psychologists, and historians andsociologists of science." -- Sherry Turkle, Professor, Program inScience, Technology, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
"Resnick's work provides a rare glimpse of what I am sure will become anew paradigm for research in education." -- Seymour Papert
How does a bird flock keep its movements so graceful and synchronized?Most people assume that the bird in front leads and the others follow.In fact, bird flocks don't have leaders: they are organized without anorganizer, coordinated without a coordinator. And a surprising number ofother systems, from termite colonies to traffic jams to economicsystems, work the same decentralized way. Turtles, Termites, andTraffic Jams describes innovative new computational tools that canqhelp people (even young children) explore the workings of suchsystems--and help them move beyond the centralized mindset.
For a copy of the StarLogo software described in this book, pleasevisit the StarLogo website.

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The Perfect Swarm: The Science of Complexity in Everyday Life Review

The Perfect Swarm: The Science of Complexity in Everyday Life
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As a glance at the "Look Inside" feature here on Amazon proves, Len Fisher writes a clear, interesting prose, raising important questions and suggesting rules that will help you make better decisions. He describes and applies 33 such rules in this latest contribution to popular science.

His basic thesis is that complex behaviors can be described by a simple rule. For example, gigantic numbers of fish seem to have a single mind -- but all a single fish has to know is to follow the fish immediately in front of it. Watching through your faceplate at gigantic schools of fish as they weave through the water -- you can see this rule in action in beautiful living color.

You can apply the same approach in trying to find a bargain, an approach that works best where there are many sellers and the products are fairly similar to each other.

The basic idea is "to estimate how many samples of the item might be available in total, and then look at a limited selection of these before choosing the next one that is at least as good (in terms of price and quality) as the best of those that we have so far seen. This procedure saves time and effort, and also reduces the possibility that we will spot a bargain, keep looking for a better one, decide on the original one, and go back only to find that it has been sold!"

Fisher explains the use of statistics in three scenarios:

"If we are going for the very best, we should look at one-third of all those available before going on to select the next one that is as good or better than the best that we have already seen (in terms of the lowest price for the same quality). This gives us a 33% chance of finding the very best bargain, and a very high chance of finding an extremely good bargain.

"If we are happy to accept a sample in the lowest 10% of prices, we need only look at 14% of the samples on offer before choosing the next one that we see which is at least as cheap as the cheapest of these. This gives us an 84% chance of settling on one among the cheapest 10%.

"If we are happy with a price in the lowest 25%, things get even better. We need only to look at 7% of the samples before choosing one that is at least as cheap as the cheapest we have seen. This gives you a whopping 92% chance of finding a bargain in your chosen range!"

Of course, if it's easy to find additional offers, or if it's fairly easy to get back to a better offer to see if it's still available, you may be able to get more/better/cheaper by spending a bit more time. Once you get the basic approach in mind, however, you'll be able to decide when to stop looking, make your choice, and get back to reading about other examples of how simple rules lead to great complexity.

Fisher's website is filled with additional examples, and his clear joy in reading and writing about science at work in our everyday life.

Robert C. Ross2009

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Product Description:
One of the greatest discoveries of recent times is that the complex patterns we find in life are often produced when all of the individuals in a group follow the same simple rule. This process of “self-organization" reveals itself in the inanimate worlds of crystals and seashells, but as Len Fisher shows, it is also evident in living organisms, from fish to ants to human beings. The coordinated movements of fish in shoals, for example, arise from the simple rule: “Follow the fish in front." Traffic flow arises from simple rules: “Keep your distance" and “Keep to the right."
Now, in his new book, Fisher shows how we can manage our complex social lives in an ever more chaotic world. His investigation encompasses topics ranging from “swarm intelligence" to the science of parties and the best ways to start a fad. Finally, Fisher sheds light on the beauty and utility of complexity theory. An entertaining journey into the science of everyday life, The Perfect Swarm will delight anyone who wants to understand the complex situations in which we so often find ourselves.

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ANTICS! Review

ANTICS
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This is one of the most creative books I've seen in a long time.The illustrations are also warm and funny.The simple single alphabet words are hysterical and orginal.My personal favorites are the mad scientist ant who is brilliANT, the punk rocker who is a deviANT and the huddled family of immigrANTs.Well done and kudos to the author.

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A clever example of using the word 'ant' within words beginning with every letter of the alphabet---ant from A to Z. Delightful illustrations accompany each word.

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The Magic School Bus: Gets Ants in Its Pants : A Book About Ants Review

The Magic School Bus: Gets Ants in Its Pants : A Book About Ants
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I would give this a three, only my son loves this book because he loves anything about ants.We read Ms Cole`s MAGIC SCHOOL BUS VISITS A BEEHIVE back to back with this.The comparison is too great.It would be terrific to see a layout of the ant colony`s system of tunnels and chambers.Also, no mention is made of the drones:in the story Phoebe says "Without the queen, there wouldn`t be eggs," but without drones, there wouldn`t be eggs, either.I don`t know if they showed them in the television show, but there were no pictures of the pupae, nor the interesting fact that the ants stroke them and receive a tasty secretion in return.The book was interesting, but short on information;more so than some of the others adapted from the TV series.If your child wants to find out about ants there are better books out there.

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The story The Magic School Bus Gets Ants in Its Pants is accompanied by everything needed to start a personal ant farm, including a plastic ant house, sand, and a send-away coupon for ants.

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If I Were an Ant (Rookie Readers) Review

If I Were an Ant
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Great pictures and perspective. Nice addition to a thematic unit on ants for a classroom teacher or parent.

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All Rookie Readers actively engage young readers, encouraging language development, building fluency, and promoting independent reading. By targeting a skill, like learning about repetitive text, young readers are building fundamental reading skills with the help of fun, lively, colorfully illustrated stories.

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512 Ants On Sullivan Street (Scholastic Reader Collection Level 4) Review

512 Ants On Sullivan Street
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My son and daughter - aged 5 and 7 love this beautiful little book. The concept of continuous doubling of the number of ants that keep returning to the nest intrigues them. Although the book stops at 512, my children insisted that we keep doubling the number "up to infinity". Well, we kept on doubling until we ran out of paper!! The illustrations are wonderful, complementing this terrific children's treasure.

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